Making Sense of Since

Making Sense of Since Making Sense of Since Making Sense of Since By Maeve Maddox Sometimes a word that is clear in one context, may create ambiguity in another. Consider the following excerpt from a professional newspaper review of Hotel for Dogs. The story follows 16-year-old Andi (Emma Roberts) and her 11-year-old brother Bruce (Jake T. Austin) who, since the death of their parents, have lived in five foster homes over two years. Each move is challenging as they have to find ways to smuggle their charming Jack Russell terrier Friday, a member of their family since happier times, into each new household. If you havent seen the film, can you tell from this paragraph if the children had the dog before their parents died? Dont study it. Just base your impression on one quick reading. The first time I read it, I thought it meant that theyd had the dog before the parents died, but as I went on with the review, I began to wonder if the children had acquired the dog after being sent into foster care. In both phrases, the word since is a preposition. The OED gives two meanings for since as a preposition: 1. Ever or continuously from (a specified time, etc.) till now. 2. During the period between (a specified time) and now; at some time subsequent to or after. OED In the phrase since the death of their parents, the since marks a specific starting point. In the phrase since happier times, the time period is ambiguous. This since could, like the first since, mark a starting point subsequent to the happy times enjoyed with their parents, or it could indicate an earlier starting point, during the happy times. I havent seen the film, so to figure out the writers intended meaning, I googled (Oh, dear. I made a Google search of) They had a dog named Friday and found this refreshingly unambiguous statement in a review written by a high school senior: When their parents were still alive they had a dog named Friday and after their parents passed away they kept the dog Janeane White Not every reader would have had difficulty with this paragraph, but at least one did. And if one reader stumbles, its likely that others will. To avoid confusion, its probably a good idea for a writer to avoid using the same word twice in the same paragraph, especially words that have more than one meaning, however slight the difference. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsSelect vs. SelectedList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

A Summary of British Rule in India

A Summary of British Rule in India The very idea of the British Raj- the British rule over India- seems inexplicable today. Consider the fact that Indian written history stretches back almost 4,000 years, to the civilization centers of the Indus Valley Culture at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Also, by 1850, India had a population of at least 200 million. Britain, on the other hand, had no indigenous written language until the 9th century C.E. (almost 3,000 years after India). Its population was about 16.6 million in 1850. How, then, did Britain manage to control India from 1757 to 1947? The keys seem to have been superior weaponry, economic power, and Eurocentric confidence. European Scramble for Colonies in Asia After the Portuguese rounded the Cape of Good Hope on Africas southern tip in 1488, opening sea lanes to the Far East by piracy on ancient trade lines in the Indian Ocean, the European powers strove to acquire Asian trading posts of their own. For centuries, the Viennese had controlled the European branch of the Silk Road, reaping enormous profits from the sale of silk, spices, fine china, and precious metals. The Viennese monopoly ended with the establishment of European incursions in the sea trade. At first, the European powers in Asia were solely interested in trade, but over time they became more interested in acquiring territory. Among the nations looking for a piece of the action was Britain. The Battle of Plassey Britain had been trading in India since about 1600, but it did not begin to seize large sections of land until 1757, after the Battle of Plassey. This battle pitted 3,000 soldiers of the British East India Company against the 5,000-strong army of the young Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud Daulah, and his French East India Company allies. Fighting began on the morning of June 23, 1757. Heavy rain spoiled the Nawabs cannon powder (the British covered theirs), leading to his defeat. The Nawab lost at least 500 troops, while Britain lost only 22. Britain seized the modern equivalent of about $5 million from the Bengali treasury and used it to finance further expansion. India Under the East India Company The East India Company was primarily interested in trade in cotton, silk, tea, and opium, but following the Battle of Plassey, it functioned as the military authority in growing sections of India as well. By 1770, heavy Company taxation and other policies had left millions of Bengalis impoverished. While British soldiers and traders made their fortunes, the Indians starved. Between 1770 and 1773, about 10 million people (one-third  of the population) died of famine in Bengal. At this time, Indians were also barred from holding high office in their own land. The British considered them inherently corrupt and untrustworthy. The Indian Mutiny of 1857 Many Indians were distressed by the rapid cultural changes imposed by the British. They worried that Hindu and Muslim India would be Christianized. In 1857, a new type of rifle cartridge was given to the soldiers of the British Indian Army. Rumors spread that the cartridges had been greased with pig and cow fat, an abomination to both major Indian religions. On May 10, 1857, the Indian Revolt began, with Bengali Muslim troops marching to Delhi and pledging their support to the Mughal emperor. After a year-long struggle, the rebels surrendered on June 20, 1858. Control of India Shifts to the India Office Following the rebellion, the British government abolished both the Mughal Dynasty, which had ruled India more or less for 300 years, and the East India Company. The Emperor, Bahadur Shah, was convicted of sedition and exiled to Burma. Control of India was given over to a British Governor-General, who reported back to the British Parliament. It should be noted that the British Raj included only about two-thirds of modern India, with the other portions under the control of local princes. However, Britain exerted great pressure on these princes, effectively controlling all of India. Autocratic Paternalism Queen Victoria promised that the British government would work to better its Indian subjects. To the British, this meant educating the Indians in British modes of thought and stamping out cultural practices such as sati- the practice of immolating a widow on the death of her husband .The British thought of their rule as a form of autocratic paternalism. The British also created divide and rule policies, pitting Hindu and Muslim Indians against one another. In 1905, the colonial government divided Bengal into Hindu and Muslim sections; this division was revoked after strong protests. Britain also encouraged the formation of the Muslim League of India in 1907. British India During World War I During World War I, Britain declared war on Germany on Indias behalf, without consulting Indian leaders. More than 1.3 million Indian soldiers and laborers were serving in the British Indian Army by the time of the Armistice. A total of 43,000 Indian and Gurkha soldiers were killed. Although most of India rallied to the British flag, Bengal and Punjab were less easy to control. Many Indians were eager for independence, and they were led in their struggle by an Indian lawyer and political newcomer known as  Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948) In April 1919, more than 5,000 unarmed protesters gathered at Amritsar, in Punjab. British troops fired on the crowd, killing an estimated 1,500 men, women, and children, even though the official death toll of the Amritsar Massacre as reported was 379. British India During World War II When World War II broke out, India once again contributed hugely to the British war effort. In addition to troops, the princely states donated substantial amounts of cash. By the end of the war, India had an incredible volunteer army of 2.5 million men. About 87,000 Indian soldiers died in combat. The Indian independence movement was very strong by this time, and British rule was widely resented. Some 30,000 Indian POWs were recruited by the Germans and the Japanese to fight against the Allies in exchange for their freedom. Most Indians, however, remained loyal. Indian troops fought in Burma, North Africa, Italy, and elsewhere. The Struggle for Indian Independence Even as World War II raged on, Gandhi and other members of the Indian National Congress (INC) demonstrated against British rule. The 1935 Government of India Act had provided for the establishment of provincial legislatures across the colony. The Act also created a federal government for the provinces and princely states and granted the right to vote to about 10% of Indias male population. These moves toward limited self-governance only made India more impatient for true self-rule. In 1942, Britain sent an envoy to India, led by the British Labour politician Stafford Cripps (1889–1952), offering future dominion status in return for help recruiting more soldiers. Cripps may have made a secret agreement with the Muslim League, allowing Muslims to opt out of a future Indian state. Mahatma Gandhi Laughing with Granddaughters. Bettmann / Getty Images Arrests of Gandhi and INC Leadership Gandhi and the INC did not trust the British envoy and demanded immediate independence in return for their cooperation. When the talks broke down, the INC launched the Quit India movement, calling for the immediate withdrawal of Britain  from India. In response, the British arrested the INCs leadership, including Gandhi and his wife. Mass demonstrations were carried out across the country but were crushed by the British Army. Britain may not have realized it, but it was now just a matter of time before the British Raj came to an end. The soldiers who had joined Japan and Germany in fighting the British were put on trial at Delhis Red Fort in early 1946. A series of ten courts-martial were held, trying 45 prisoners on charges of treason, murder, and torture. The men were convicted, but huge public protests forced the commutation of their sentences. Hindu/Muslim Riots and Partition On August 17, 1946, violent fighting broke out between Hindus and Muslims in Calcutta. The trouble quickly spread across India. Meanwhile, cash-strapped Britain announced its decision to withdraw from India by June 1948. Sectarian violence flared again as independence approached. In June 1947, representatives of the Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs agreed to divide India along sectarian lines. Hindu and Sikh areas remained part of India, while predominantly Muslim areas in the north became the nation of Pakistan. This division of territory was known as the Partition. Millions of refugees flooded across the border in each direction, and between 250,000 and 500,000 people were killed in sectarian violence. Pakistan became independent on August 14, 1947. India followed the next day. Sources and Further Reading Gilmour, David. The British in India: A Social History of the Raj. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018.  James, Lawrence. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. New York: St. Martins Griffin, 1997.Nanda, Bal Ram. Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.  Ã‚  Tharoor, Shashi. Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India. London: Penguin Books Ltd, 2018.

Econometric Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Econometric Analysis - Essay Example Its analysis has two principal purposes - to promote empirical content within particular economic theories and to subject such theories to potentially falsifying tests (Econometrics, Wikipedia, 2006). Taking the first, with the French data as example, it can be said that economic theory holds that consumption should be directly proportion to income while it should be inversely so to interest and unemployment rates. The available data should reflect this and thus provide empirical evidence of the theory's validity. The tests that the data will be subjected to will assist in this quest for empiric authenticity. Such tests should not only provide broad evidence of empiricism but should also assist in determining how much current variance there may be from theoretical reckoning and should thus provide reliable pointers as to why such variance is evident. It is, of course, incumbent upon theorists to interpret why there is variance, if evident after analysis, and this is done at the end o f the paper. To find empiric elements within the variables the first strategy adopted is to assume that a certain relation exists among the variables such that LCF (natural logarithm of real per capita consumption) is taken to be an endogenous variable series that is functionally dependent upon the other variable time series' - LYF (Natural logarithm of real per capita income), RF (real interest rate) and UF (unemployment rate). The following equation expresses a 'Population Linear Function' that is linear both in variables and parameters. The equation is as follows: LCFt = + LYFt + RFt + UFt + ut Here, , , and are the unknown parameters that are assumed to be linear, just as the variables LCF, LYF, RF and UF but this is still an assumption. This, together with the fact that the data has been acquired eccentrically, without due consideration for true series function, does not automatically relate parameters, also called estimators, statistically to their true corresponding values. Therefore, it is necessary to find certain other properties within the variables to enable this. This, however is not evident. Again, thus, some more assumptions have to be made such that, based on these second set of assumptions, certain statistical properties between the estimators and their true corresponding values can be assigned (OLS, Wikipedia, 2006; Estimators and Properties, 2006). This second set of assumptions is as follows. 1. The explanatory set of variables - LYF, RF and UF - is fixed. 2. For all n > 1, >0. Where, x stands for the variable and the mean of the series. This is true for all the variables. 3. =m>0. 4. Zero mean disturbance, E(u)=0. 5. Homoscedasticity: Var() = , is constant for all values of i. 6. Nonautocorrelation, Cov() = 0, where . 7. The error term 'u' has a Gaussian distribution such that, . (Assumptions based on: Estimators and Properties, 2006) A second equation, derived from the same data set and based linearly on the same set of assumption

God father film Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

God father film - Research Paper Example The movie is considered the touchstone for other gangster movies for its highly sophisticated setup and depiction of the underworld mafia which does not care for life if it is experiencing loss in business. Movie opens with a wedding reception of Don Vito Corleone’s daughter. Vito is a Mafia boss who is known as the Godfather who is shown to conduct business in his office. Don is shown to be an influential and powerful person who can grant people’s requests. However he is sensitive about matters he does not value such as Sollozzo’s request to involve the Corleone family in the narcotics business. Barzinis and Tattaglias are two other families who have agreed to take part but Sollozzo’s main interest in Vito’s approval is his protection and financing. Vito’s skepticism and later a series of events such as Vito’s bodyguard Luca Brasi’s murder, attempt to assassinate Vito and later on Vito’s son Sonny’s murder confirm the dirty politics played by Sollozzo. Michael, Vito’s younger son who is shown to be disconnected with such family games is transformed by these series of events and takes over family’s responsibility as Vito recovers and eventually settles the matter fulfilling the dream of his father towards the end of the movie. What really makes the movie so outstanding is the performance of the main characters especially Al Pacino as Michael and Marlon Brando as Vito. The Corleone clan is known for sticking together in good and harsh times. That is what makes them popular and respected. Brando’s performance won him the Oscar and his â€Å"I’ll make him an offer he can’t refuse† kept the crowd in its place awestruck and bemused (The Godfather 1972). The Corleone clan is Italian immigrants who are most caring. No Sicilian can decline a request on the wedding of Vito’s daughter Connie. Michael who has returned from Second World War as a hero has seen worst in the field. Times are changing

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Example for Free

Allen, Douglas and Truth Essay Conclusion A great deal of literature has been devoted to the subject of Black Christian Leadership during 1820 to 1860. How an enslaved people challenged yet still participated in the established religious system by founding, ad hoc and or organized significant religious groups with a social underlying movement. The essence of the multitude of visions was rooted simultaneously in a political, social and religious storm. However, thus knowing that a race has a strong or weak identity image based on current media of the day will not inform the listener about the nature of their true intent or power; however, since the records of the day is the only evidence we have, it gives considerable insight into the societal value system, political posture, and cultural stance. While Black leaders and churches were portrayed to have a greater capacity for audible and visible response to a speaker than any other group of religious listener at the time, the images were quick to focus on the probable survival of the comfort and consolation syndrome prevalent in black plantation churches. In these churches, the listeners, moved by sin and guilt but much more by the need to release tensions brought on by the daily miseries of slavery, came forth with vocal responses to particularly consoling passages in the preachers sermons. Allen, Douglas and Truth’s methods were clearly beneficial for the improvement of African Americans for then as well as well as any period. Promoting racial success was the most fundamental element in the struggle for racial uplift through the universal message of the religious institutions. Understanding and able to recognize the changing conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality be the sole purpose. As active leaders in the religious and social revolution of the late 1800’s, they knew that access to religious and social opportunities would lead to greater possibilities, i.e. education and commerce. Many of their contemporaries of the day given relatively few choices signed on to the teachings and messages presented by Allen, Douglass and Truth. This was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of successful Post slavery organizations and movements that flourished following the civil war. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure religious and economic growth accelerated true racial uplift and the issue of economical inequality. Before the war, black spokespersons had unfailingly demanded that white America simply give them a chance to demonstrate the truths underlying their analyses of a prejudiced American society. Through the Civil War and Reconstruction, whites grudgingly conceded that chance. Everything was at stake in vindicating antebellum black religious and social thought. The role Black Religious leaders as spokespersons and positions as black leaders have assumed the destiny of the race and of America. Antebellum black northerners had been correct to employ the universalism of the American Revolution. This was an effort call the nation back to its first principles. In finality, the right to stress self-help, moral uplift, and elevation as the keys to rising in a liberal economic order and thus compelling the majority of American to yield rights to African Americans was the remaining position to assume. In a tacit understanding, Black religious leaders were clearly justified in their growing sense that the conversation with white America mattered when seeking the power of national acceptance and the eventually the ability to establish their own interests. Never before had visionaries of slave ancestry faced the hope and challenge of so practical a test of their ideas. Bibliography Satterwhite, John H. The Black Methodist Churches, unpublished background paper prepared for The Black Church in the African American Experience research project, p. 29. Campbell, James T. Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1995. Page Number: 3. Rupe Simms Controlling Images and the Gender Construction of Enslaved African Women Gender and Society, Vol.15, No. 6 (Dec. , 2001), pp. 879-897 Deborrah E. S. Frable , 1997, Article Title: Gender, Racial Ethnic, Sexual andClass Identities. Journal Title: Annual Review of Psychology. Volume: 48. Page Number: 139+. Cedric J. Robinson, 1997, Black Movements in America. (New York: Routledge,. p. 179, 92 ) Conyers, James L. Black Lives: Essays in African American Biography. Publisher: M. E. Sharpe. Place of Publication: Armonk, NY. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 44. Bay, Mia. The White Image in the Black Mind: African-American Ideas about White People, 1830-1925. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. http://www. questia.com/PM. qst? a=od=90463626. Burrowes, Carl Patrick. Black Christian Republicanism: A Southern Ideology in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847. The Journal of Negro History 86, no. 1 (2001): 30+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5000633712. Douglass, Frederick Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History. Publisher: Collier Books. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1962. Page Number: 202. Martin Jr. , Waldo E. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. Publisher: University of North Carolina Press. Place of Publication: Chapel Hill, NC. Publication Year: 1984. Page Number: 18. Mcfeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. Publisher: W. W. Norton. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1991. Page Number: 217. Lampe, Gregory P. Frederick Douglass: Freedoms Voice, 1818-1845. Publisher: Michigan State University Press. Place of Publication: East Lansing, MI. Publication Year: 1998. Page Number: 1. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part3/3narr3. html PBS, Allen, The Black Church Graham, Peter W. Byron, Sully and the Power of Portraiture. Wordsworth Circle 36, no. 4 (2005): 149+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5014835905. http://www. pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4narr2. html PBS Africans in America Kirby, John B. Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol. The Historian 61, no. 2 (1999): 429. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5001250782. Mandziuk, Roseann M. Commemorating Sojourner Truth: Negotiating the Politics of Race and Gender in the Spaces of Public Memory. Western Journal of Communication 67, no. 3 (2003): 271+. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=5002554424. Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=101423509.

Female Genitalia Mutilation Essay -- essays papers

Female Genitalia Mutilation Picture this, a young innocent girl, between the age of eight and twelve, running around, playing, and having a good time. Then she is snatched away to a foul hut, whose floor is nothing but dirt. Once in the hut, the helpless girl is stripped of all her clothing and pinned to the dirt floor. Her tiny legs are spread and held wide apart with a tight grasp. Soon afterward, a midwife, with no education in human anatomy or medicine, enters the hut and says a prayer. While the young girl is held down in this most vulnerable position the midwife takes a handful of sand and rubs it all over the girl’s genitals (Walker 106). With no anesthetics and a jagged rock, that merely has a sharpened edge, the midwife begins to cut on the most tender area of the young girl (Rushwan). The midwife cuts away the clitoris and the tissue at the entrance of the vagina. When the midwife is finished cutting and perfecting her excision, she takes a thorn bush needle and sews from the head of the cli toris all the way down to the vaginal opening with the exception of one small place where a sliver of wood is placed. The wood is put into place so that when the scar tissue forms a minute opening is left for urine and menstrual flow to escape. After the raw edges have been sewn up a mixture of butter and herbs is placed over the wound. This is done to cease the blood that is now gushing out of this helpless young girl (Female Genital Mutilation). The above is only a brief description of a type of mutilation that millions of girls encounter every year in Africa. What is it that would cause parents to inflect such pain on their little girls? Female genitalia mutilation consists of four principal types. One type of FGM is ver... ...t) Walker, Alice, and Pratibha, Parmer. Warrior Marks. New York: Harcourt Brace &Company,1993. Works Consulted â€Å"Banjul Declaration on Violence Against Women.† Women’s International Network News 24.4 (1998): 27. (Ebsco Host) â€Å"Mali: Centre Djoliba.† Women’s International Network News 24.4 (1998): 32. (Ebsco Host) â€Å"Nigeria: Strategies and Tactics for Prevention and Eradication of Female Genital Mutilation.† Women’s International Network News 24.4 (1998): 30 – 31. (Ebsco Host) Hecht, David. â€Å"Standing Up to Ancient Custom.† Christian Science Monitor 90.131 (1998): 131. (Ebsco Host) Saran, Ama R. â€Å"Turning Up the Volume on Our Sister’s Voices.† Essence 28.12 (1998) : 172 – 173. (Ebso Host) â€Å"Symposium for Religious Leaders and Medical Personnel.† Women’s International Network News 24.4 (1998): 27. (Ebso Host)

Client Pitch Presentation Essay

Introduction The Coca- Cola Company was incorporated September 5, 1919. The company is the leading nonalcoholic beverage company. Coca-Cola offers over 500 different brands. Coca-Cola â€Å"originated as a soda fountain beverage in 1886 selling for five cents a glass† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola puts its â€Å"â€Å"Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) {The Coca-Cola Company is the leading and the most popular nonalcoholic beverage (soft drink) company. Coca- Cola connects with its consumers on a level where the consumers feel comfortable with the company. Because the company has been around for so long, many customers knows what the company stands for and continue to remain loyal to the company.} Coca-Cola Brands â€Å"The Company owns or licenses and markets more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands, primarily sparkling beverages but also a variety of still beverages, such as waters, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks† (Forbes, 2015). {The Coca-Cola company offers its consumers a variety of different beverages to choose from. By meeting the different tastes of consumers, the company is able to successfully satisfy customers worldwide. The different brands developed by Coca-Cola include Diet Coke, Dasani, Sprite, Fanta, and many more.} Target Market Coca-Cola’s target market includes consumers from all demographics. Men & Women Non-Alcoholic beverage drinkers Consumers of ages 10 -60. {Coca-Cola strives to target men and women of different ages, ethnicities, educational backgrounds, and locations. The company has many different brands that can satisfy the needs of customers of different demographics. The Coca-Cola brand is known world-wide so there are different brands to meet the needs of those consumers from around the world. The company targets consumers of all ages, but will focus mainly consumers between the ages of 10-60. There are different brands that meet the needs of consumers within  each age group.} Coca-Cola SWOT Analysis Strengths : Quality product, Loyal Customers, Effective Marketing Techniques Weaknesses: Most of the products are carbonated beverages, Many brands innovated are not very popular amongst consumers, Subjected to negative criticism. Opportunities: Create more healthy beverages, Create juices or beverages suitable for toddlers and babies. Threats: Competitors such as Pepsi whom are developing new brands. {Coca-Cola is the most valued company when it comes to the development of nonalcoholic beverages. Because the company has been around for so long and has sought customer feedback when engaging in making changes that relate to the products, Coca-Cola has a loyal customer base. There are some weaknesses that are associated with the company primarily only sales beverages, and there are sometimes negative criticism. There are opportunities for the company to branch out into other areas such as making food products. The threats faced by the company come from competitors.} Goals & Objectives To be the leader in the beverage industry.  To make sure that the consumers of Coca-Cola brands are aware of the company and the products that the company offers. Increase the company’s sales and revenue.  To make potential consumers around the world aware of the companies’ products and what they have to offer. {The goals and objectives of Coca-Cola are set into place in order to increase sales and revenue and to make sure that consumers are happy with the products offered by the company. The goals and objectives can be utilized to take the company to another level which will completely set it apart from other companies within the beverage industry.} Customer Loyalty The company will provide its’ consumers with a quality experience when utilizing the products. The Company will build customer loyalty by continuing to be innovative in creating the different brands that fit the needs of their consumers. The company offers its consumers Coke Rewards that allow them to gain savings for the products. {When it comes to customer loyalty, it is important that companies make sure that they maintain the brand image. According to the course text, â€Å"A strong brand community results in a more loyal, committed customer base† (Kotler & Keller, 2011). Another way for the company to promote customer loyalty is to make sure that the products are available to the consumers at a reasonable price. It is also important to make sure that the products are easily accessible to consumers in all locations where the products are being sold. By offering opportunities for consumers to save, the company is able to build gain loyal companies because they can see that the company does care about their finances.} Competitors Coca- Cola’s competitors include other companies that produce nonalcoholic beverages, the main one being Pepsico, Inc. Pepsico is the 2nd most popular soft drink company. Like Coca- Cola, this company also have beverages that are offered within a number of restaurants and stores. Nestle is another competitor that offers beverages. Although this company has drinks, it also has some food products that are available to consumers. With Nestle having water as one of its’ brands, it poses competition to Coca-Cola. Branding Strategy Coca-Cola manages its brand by â€Å"constantly striving to improve their products, services, and marketing† (Kotler & Keller, 2011). â€Å"Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Get out into the market and listen, observe and learn† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Possess a world view† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Focus on execution in the marketplace every day† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Be insatiably curious† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) Coca-Cola has formed partnerships with restaurants and stores where the company’s products can be offered to consumers. Communications Methods  Advertising- Coca-Cola uses the TV, internet, newspapers, magazines, and other sources to advertise their product. Company Website- Coca-Cola’s company website provides consumers with information about the products that the company offers. The website also allows for the consumers to be involved in the activities that the company  works on in order to have an effect on the environment. Print Ad ~Open up to new possibilities with Coca- Cola! Conclusion Coca-Cola is the leading nonalcoholic beverage producer. The company builds on customer loyalty by keeping their customers involved and informed. The company’s programs and The company’s IMC will allow for the company to reach an even larger customer base which will lead to the continuing of the company’s success. Coca- Cola’s brand image and loyal customers will help in their ability to face the encounters of the company’s competiton. By analyzing the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, Coca-Cola will be able to make necessary changes and continue using successful strategies that have allowed them to be the number one soft drink company! References Coca- Cola Company (2015). Mission, Vision, & Values. Retrieved February 18, 2015 from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/mission-vision-values. Forbes (2015). Coca Cola. Retrieved March 7, 2015 from http://www.forbes.com/companies/coca-cola/. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2011). Marketing Management, 14th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Strategic Management (2015). SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola. Retrieved March 8, 2015 from http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/coca-cola-swot-analysis.html.

Classification essay: Hobbies Essay

We all have hobbies that deal with our specific interests. A hobby is what a person enjoys doing at their own leisure. Many people have hobbies because doing what they love can bring happiness and joy towards their lives. Hobbies lets a person know what they will do next time to occupy themselves when they have a free afternoon or a day to themselves. This could include an interest such as: painting a drawing, reading a novel by their favorite author, playing their favorite sport, learning how to play an instrument and many more. Some say that a hobby is a time for relaxation and pleasure as they pursue an activity during their spare time. However, a hobby is more than means of relaxation and has more aspects and other benefits to it such as: self-improvement, a richer social life, and extra income in time. To start with, a hobby is a means for self-improvement. Hobbies can help a person discover their skills and how to improve them further. The longer a person pursues their favorite activity helps motivate them to work harder. It is a perfect way of learning because they aren’t doing it to please anyone else but themselves which makes the learning more effective. Another learning opportunity with a hobby is time-management skills. A person with a hobby must have  a schedule that helps them get their priorities done but also have time set aside to do what they love. A hobby helps to improve ourselves and the skills we have. Second, a hobby gives a person a better and richer social life. Sharing the same interest with other people can boost up your social life as it would bring a solid context on conversations and socializing. For example, if a  person enjoys dancing then he would probably join a dance group or club and make friends who share the same passion as he does. Having the same hobby as someone can result in a great deal of wonderful conversations. Your hobby can bring you a stimulating social life as you will be able to interact with many people. Finally, a hobby can become a means for extra income in time. There are many people who achieve jobs by doing what they love to do. As their hobby starts to improve and reaches a stage of professionalism, then they will be able to make money out of it. For example, painters enjoy making drawings but to reach the point where they could sell it for income they must’ve practiced their hobby for years. Nevertheless, they love what they do and they are getting rewarded for their hard work in the end. Such people are very blessed to be earning their living by doing what they are passionate about, as that will guarantee happiness and success. In summation, having a hobby helps to improve ourselves, enriches our social network, and may produce future income. If you want to fit more into your life and achieve happiness, joy and success; try to discover what you are attracted to. Find a hobby and stay with it. It will be  worth all the time, effort and money you put into it. You never know, you may become a different person.

Dictionary of Old and Obsolete Occupations - P

Dictionary of Old and Obsolete Occupations - P The occupations found recorded in documents from prior centuries often appear unusual or foreign when compared to the occupations of today. The following occupations are generally now considered old or obsolete. Packman  - a peddler; a person who traveled around carrying goods for sale in his pack Page - a young mail servant Palmer  - a pilgrim; one who had been, or pretended to have been, to the Holy Land. See also the surname PALMER. Paneler  - saddler; one who makes, repairs or sells saddles, harnesses, horse collars, bridles, etc. for horses.  A panel or pannel was a short saddle raised on both ends  for small burdens carried on horseback. Pannarius  - A Latin name for a clothier or draper, also known as a haberdasher, or a merchant who sells clothing. Pannifex - seller of woolen cloth, or sometimes a generic occupational term for someone who worked in the cloth trade Pantographer - someone who  operated a pantograph, a device used in the engraving process to draw a replica of an image by tracing. Pardoner  - originally  someone who collected money on behalf of a religious foundation, a pardoner came to be synonymous with an individual who sold pardons, or indulgences, which implied that time in purgatory would be pardoned if one prayed for the souls there and made a donation to the church through the pardoner.   Parochus  - rector, pastor Patten maker, Pattener - one who made  pattens to fit under normal shoes for use in wet or muddy conditions. Pavyler - someone who erected tents and pavilions. Peever  - a seller of pepper Pelterer  - skinner; one who worked with animal skins Perambulator - a surveyor or someone who made inspection of property on foot. Peregrinator  - an itinerant wanderer, from the  Latin  peregrÄ «nÄ tus, meaning  to  travel  abroad. Peruker or peruke maker  - a maker of gentlemans wigs in the 18th and 19th century Pessoner - a fishmonger, or seller of fish; from the French poisson, meaning fish. Petardier - A person in charge of a petard, a 16th century bomb used to breach fortifications during sieges. Pettifogger  - a shyster lawyer;  especially one who deals with petty cases and raised petty, annoying objections Pictor  - painter Pigmaker - someone who poured molten metal to make pigs for distribution of raw metals. Alternatively, a pigmaker could be a crockery or pottery maker. Pigman  - crockery dealer or a pig herder Pilcher  - a maker of pilches,  a type of outer garment made of skin or fur, and later of leather or wool. See also the surname PILCH. Pinder  - An officer appointed by a parish to impound stray beasts, or a keeper of the pound Piscarius  - fishmonger Pistor  - miller or baker Pitman / Pit man  - a coal miner Plaitor - someone who  makes straw plaits for hat making Plowman  - a farmer Ploughwright  - one who makes or repairs plows Plumber  - one who worked with lead; eventually came to apply to a tradesman who installed or repaired (lead) pipes and drains Porcher  - pig-keeper Porter  - gate-keeper or door-keeper Potato Badger -  merchant who peddled potatoes Pot Man -  a street merchant selling pots of stout and porter Poulterer  - dealer in poultry; poultry merchant Prothonotary - principal clerk of a court Puddler  - wrought iron worker Pynner/Pinner  - a maker of pins and needles; sometimes other  wire articles such as baskets and bird cages Explore more old and obsolete occupations and trades in our free Dictionary of Old Occupations and Trades!

What ACT Percentiles Mean in College Admissions

What ACT Percentiles Mean in College Admissions Much of the ACT data on this site and elsewhere on the web show ACT scores for the 25th and 75th percentile of students. But what exactly do these numbers mean? Understanding the 25th and 75th Percentile ACT Numbers Consider a college profile that presents the following ACT scores for the 25th and 75th percentiles: ACT Composite: 21/26ACT English: 20/26ACT Math: 21/27 The lower number is the 25th percentile of students who enrolled in (not just applied to) the college. For the school above, 25% of enrolled students received a math score of 21 or lower. The upper number is the 75th percentile of students who enrolled in the college. For the above example, 75% of enrolled students got a math score of 27 or lower (looked at another way, 25% of students got above a 27). For the school above, if you have an ACT math score of 28, you would be in the top 25% of applicants for that one measure. If you have a math score of 19, you are in the bottom 25% of applicants for that measure. Understanding these numbers is important when you plan how many colleges to apply to, and when you figure out which schools are a reach, a match, or a safety. If your scores are near or below the 25th percentile numbers, you should consider the school a reach. Note that this does not mean you wont get in- remember that 25% of students who enroll have a score that is at or below that lower number. Why Do Colleges Present 25th and 75th Percentile Data? You may wonder why the standard practice for ACT score reporting focuses on 25th and 75th percentile data rather than the full range of scores earned by matriculated students. The reason is rather simple- the outlying data is not an accurate representation of the type of student who typically attends the college or university. Even the countrys most selective colleges  admit a few students with ACT scores that are well below the norm. For example, 75% of enrolled students at Harvard University scored a 32 or higher on the ACT. However, this graph of Harvard admissions data  shows that a few students got in with ACT scores that were in the mid teens. How, exactly, did these students get in? The reasons could be many: perhaps the student did not have English as a first language but was exceptional in many other ways; perhaps the student had straight A grades and 5 scores on AP exams, but simply didnt perform well on the ACT; perhaps the student had such remarkable accomplishments that the admissions folks overlooked a sub-par ACT score; perhaps the student had a disadvantaged background that made the ACT an unfair measure of ability. That said, if you have a 15 ACT composite score, you shouldnt get your hopes up for Harvard. Without some kind of exceptional story or circumstances, the 25th percentile number of 32 is a much more accurate representation of what youll need to be admitted.   Similarly, even non-selective colleges will get a few students who have extremely high ACT scores.   But publishing a 35 or 36 as the upper end of ACT data wouldnt be meaningful to prospective students. Those high performing students would be the exception, not the norm. Sample ACT Percentile Data for Top Schools   If youre interested in seeing what the 25th and 75th percentile scores are for some of the countrys most prestigious and selective colleges, check out these articles: ACT Comparison Tables: the Ivy League | top universities | top liberal arts colleges | more top liberal arts | top public universities | top public liberal arts colleges | University of California campuses | Cal State campuses | SUNY campuses | More ACT tables The tables will help you see how you measure up in relation to students who were admitted to each school. What If Your ACT Scores Are Below the 25% Number? Keep in mind that a low ACT score doesnt need to be the end of your college dreams. For one, a quarter of all admitted students got in with scores below the 25% number. Also, there are a lot of excellent colleges that do not require ACT scores. Finally, be sure to check out these strategies for students with low ACT scores.

Suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Suicide - Research Paper Example Sixty-seven percent of sample population (n=20) reported maximum suicide attempts among people in the age group of 15-25, 19% (n=5) was in the 25-35 range. Suicide attempts among the other age groups, i.e., 5-15 and above 35 was relatively low at 7% each. Secondly, almost half of the sample population reported maximum suicide attempts among females, at 47% (n=14), followed by men at 30% (n=9). About 17% of the psychiatrists reported equal number of suicide cases from both genders. Thirdly, about 53% (n=16) reported that their patients who had attempted suicide had used either pills or unspecified drugs as the method. About 27% (n=8) had attempted poisonous substances. However, there were cases using other methods of suicide attempts too. An assessment of reasons for committing suicide highlighted social pressures (30%) and failure in relationships (30%) as the most common ones. Other reasons like family and economic conditions were also reported. The most common impact of suicide attempts was greater depression, reported by almost 74% of the psychiatrists. This could probably be due to stigma and fear of facing the society and family members. Fear and avenging behavior have also been noticed. Increased attachment towards family was reported by few psychiatrists. The outcome of the survey pointed that depression leading to suicide was more common among adolescent females. This survey indicates that suicides attempts were reported maximum among the girls between the age group of 15-25 years, as this is the age where female face a lot of problems and pressure from school, university, their economic condition, love failures or their general hormonal changes, and even sexual harassments. Reasons for attempts of suicide can be attributed to their level of maturity and ability to handle their own growing emotions towards new relationships. Clash of sociocultural expectations and adolescent